Central processing unit CPU
Micro processor is call as a brain of the computer. The main component of any mother is the processor (CPU central processing unit) chip which controls the inner functions of the system. We can easily insert in the mother board it is not soldered on the mother board, this makes its replacement, in case of upgration.
The first processor in an IBM pc was Intel’s 8088. The generations of Intel processors that followed it were in the 86 families the 8086, 80286, 80486, 80586, all were more elaborate version of the original 8088, but improved on its performance by one of two ways operating faster or handing more data simultaneously. The Intel processors through the 80486 were based on a design philosophy called CISC (complex instruction set computing.)cisc processor executes a large, complicated command. RISC (reduced instruction set computing) other type of processor which is a less complicated design introduced in the DEC alpha, IBM s 6000 it is simpler instructions to executers chips can be physically smaller than CISC processors.
8086/8088
8086 processor was the first cpu used in the IBM systems, its clock speed was 4.77 MHz and it had 8 bit external data bus. Event though this CPU had 8 bit data bus it is called a 16 bit CPU because of its internal 16 bit registers and data path.
80286
After the 8086 /8088 processors next processor is the 80286 introduced many new features. This processor was backward compatible with the 8086/8088 processors.
80286 processor first used by IBM PC-AT computers used. AT stands for advanced technology.80286 processor working at 6 MHz gave faster than 8088 processor.
First time multitasking and multiple programs could run in this processor. Another new feature is we can run just like the 8086 CPU, it can execute any program written for the 8088 without any modification called real mode. Protected mode is cpu take the full advantage of its internal designs. In this mode the processor can address 1 gigabyte of virtue memory.
80386
80386 processor is a 32 bit processor, which was made of especially for high speed operations. The 80386 CPU can also execute in protected mode and real mode like the 286 processor.
80486
It has built in math-coprocessor.
It has an 8 kb of internal cache memory.
It also has internal and external 32 bit data bus.
It is 32 bit address bus can address 4 gigabyte of physical memory and64 terabyte of virtual memory.
Speed of 486 is 20MHz to 50MHz.
80586/Pentium/p5
Pentium word comes from the Greek word pente, which means five. Pentium MMX processor offers higher performance compared to the original Pentium processor.
MMX stands for multimedia extension.
Features of MMX processors
10-20 percent more performance on current software.
Over 60% faster on Intel media benchmark.
Micro-architectural enhancements ever the original Pentium processor
Full support of Intel MMX media enhancement technology
Doubled code and data cahes to 16k each
Improved branch prediction
Enhanced pipeline
Deeper write buffers.
64 bit data bus.
Multiprocessor interrupt controller on chip
Performance monitoring and execution tracing
Power management features
A superscalar architecture capable of executing two integer instructions in parallel in a single clock.
Celeron processor
Intel Celeron processor 400MHz to 1.2GHz
100MHz multi transaction processor system bus on Intel Celeron processors at 800MHz and greater frequencies.
66MHzmulti transaction processor system bus on Intel Celeron processors at 766MHz and below.
Dynamic execution technology.
Includes Intel MMX multimedia enhancement technology.
Pentium 2
Available in speeds from 233MHz to 450MHz
Utilizes Intel 0.25 micro manufacturing process for increasing processor core frequencies and reduced power consumption.
Includes MMX media enhancements technology
Dual independent bus (DIB) architecture increases performance over single bus processors.
450,400 and 350MHz versions improve system bandwidth and performance by in
pentium processors come with MMX technology.
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