MOV is also called Varistor, used to protect surge and spike, which is generated in the AC supply. spikes and surges are called over voltage. it's connected across the phase and netreual in the SMPS and other power supply adaptors.
MOV devices protects against overvoltage transients such as lighting power contact and power induction. transient is a momentary variation in current voltage or frequency.
these devices have a high current handling , high energy absorption capability and fast response times to protect against transient faults up rated limits.
spike and surge protector circuit diagram
spikes
spikes are very high voltage split second events that can disrupt the operation of electronic devices such as computers and laptops. generally reason of the spikes are switching ON/OFF of large electrical loads, lightning, and static discharges, which induces powerful jumps in the AC supply voltage.
surges
surges are overvoltage that last for more than one cycle. when some heavy electrical load is suddenly switched off.
spikes and surges are generated by the switching off of high power motors. all electric transformer and motors generate electro magnet fields that store energy. when these devices is switched off, the electro magnetic field collapses and as a result the stored energy having no other path to go, come down into
the power line as a surge or spike.
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